If you study psychology there is a very good chance that you will be introduced to the theory of cognitive dissonance. A theory of cognitive dissonance by leon festinger. Originally published in the journal of abnormal and social psychology in 1959, cognitive consequences of forced compliance by leon festinger and james carlsmith was the first of numerous studies to corroborate the. A theory of cognitive dissonance leon festinger download. Although cooper 2011 suggests that even after 50 years the precise mechanism of dissonance continues to be elusive, festingers 1957 theory of cognitive dissonance posits that a. When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors dissonance, something must change to eliminate the dissonance.
Leon festinger developed the cognitive dissonance theory festinger, 1957 dissonance occurs when a person perceives a logical inconsistency in their beliefs, when one idea implies the opposite of another. This article was originally published in the encyclopedia. The theory of cognitive dissonance festinger, 1957. Leon festinger s theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social psychology. Cognitive dissonance theory wicklund and brehm 1976 commented on the 20year history of dissonance theory by observing, to the extent that dissonance theory has evolved since 1957, the evolution has been primarily due to the discovery that responsibility is a prerequisite for effects that we call dissonance reduction p. Like the roman emperors, cognitive dissonance theorists. According to cognitive dissonance theory,an individual experiences a mental discomfort after taking an action that seems to be in con. The study cognitive dissonance is a phenomenon studied by leon festinger most famously in his 1954 study involving 71 male students from stanford university. However, the dwindling interest in dissonance theory did not have a long run. In an event wherein some of these cognitions clash, an unsettled state of tension occurs and this is called. Festingers theory of cognitive dissonance springerlink. Cognitive dissonance introduction leon festinger published in 1957. This work is a clearly stated theory on how humans think, decide, and defend their decisions. It can thus be concluded that the theory of cognitive dissonance is a nomothetic theory one that seeks universal and general laws.
Cognitive dissonance can occur in many areas of life, but it is particularly evident in situations where an individuals behavior conflicts with beliefs that are integral to his or her selfidentity. A person who experiences internal inconsistency tends to become psychologically uncomfortable and is motivated to reduce the cognitive dissonance. Furthermore, it is when dissonance is reduced by changing attitudes that cognitive dissonance theory predicts interesting effects on voting. Leon festinger 8 may 1919 11 february 1989 was an american social psychologist, perhaps best known for cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory. An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an. This approach is based on the hypotheticodeductive method, which involves the following processes. Although cooper 2011 suggests that even after 50 years the precise mechanism of dissonance continues to be elusive, festingers 1957 theory of cognitive dissonance posits that a state of tension. The cognitive dissonance experiment is based on the theory of cognitive dissonance proposed by leon festinger in the year 1957.
Cognitive dissonance 1 theory paper cognitive dissonance. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Festingers 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid disharmony dissonance. Festingers 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid disharmony or dissonance. Cite a theory of cognitive dissonance leon festinger. Attitudes may change because of factors within the person. Leon festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social psychology. Leon festinger was the first psychologist to study cognitive dissonance around the 1950s, and his works, such as books and experiments, helped to shed light on the ways in which humans act to decrease cognitive dissonance. A common example of cognitive dissonance occurs in the purchasing decisions we make on a regular basis. A theory of cognitive dissonance by leon festinger 30jun. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. In other words, people simply tend to befriend their neighbors. Festinger s influential social comparison theory can be viewed as an extension of his prior theory related to the reliance on social reality for evaluating attitudes and opinions to the realm of abilities.
The original version of the theory leon festinger formulated the original theory of cognitive dissonance in the mid1950s, and the first formal and complete presentation of the theory appeared in 1957. May 19, 2014 festingers 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid disharmony or dissonance. A theory of cognitive dissonance leon festinger download bok. Cognitive dissonance theory has been known to play out in several ways. The theory that a person may reduce cognitive dissonance by changing their thoughts or decisions was not supported by the results. This is known as the principle of cognitive consistency. Cognitive dissonance theory of leon festinger free download as powerpoint presentation. Cognitive dissonance is the negative feeling that results from conflicting beliefs and behaviors. The advances in the history of cognitive dissonance theory. Cognitive dissonance theory by festinger communicative.
Adaptability psychology, cognitive dissonance, cognitieve dissonantie, dissonance cognitive. A little more than 60 years ago, leon festinger published a theory of cognitive dissonance 1957. Show that dissonance can hurt selfesteem or increases guilt 5. In this chapter, the main results of a structuralist analysis of festingers theory of cognitive dissonance and of a typical dissonance experiment are presented and some methodological problems are discusssed from a structuralist point of view. Ty book ti a theory of cognitive dissonance au festinger, leon sp 291 cy stanford pb stanford university press py 1957 ur. The impact of cognitive dissonance theory continued from the late 1950s to the mid1970s. Cognitive dissonance has achieved name recognition within popular culture there is no way to prove the theory wrong festinger never specified a reliable way to detect degrees of dissonance devine developed dissonance thermometer hypothetical, reliable gauge of the dissonance a person feels as a result of inconsistency. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it.
A theory of cognitive dissonance by leon festinger, 1962, stanford university press edition. Leon festinger s 1957 a theory of cognitive dissonance is a key text in the history of psychology one that made its author one of the most influential social psychologists of his time. Cognitive dissonance theory, developed by leon festinger 1957, is concerned with the relationships among cognitions. Cognitivedissonancetheory after50yearsofdevelopment. Cognitive dissonance theory festinger a read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A theory of cognitive dissonance was created by leon festinger in 1957. Cognitive dissonance as defined by the book, the distressing mental state caused by inconsistency between a persons two beliefs or a belief and an action, 200.
Nov 11, 2011 the full length of the festinger experiment video. In 1991, mcmaster carried out a study that supported festinger theory while chapaman 1993 and lee 1989 also give similar results on smokers. With a growing interest in purely cognitive processes such as information processes, the popularity of dissonance theory declined. Riecken and stanley schachter, to explain how members of a ufo doomsday cult increased their commitment to the cult when a prophesised destruction of the earth did not happen.
My story is that cognitive dissonance theory may have been a overextended and b a mistake. When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors dissonance, something must change to eliminate the. An important factor here is the principle of cognitive consistency, the focus of festingers 1957 theory of. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. His theories and research are credited with renouncing the previously dominant behaviorist view of social psychology by demonstrating the inadequacy of stimulusresponse conditioning accounts of human behavior. Inconsistency among beliefs or behaviors will cause an uncomfortable psychological tension. Cognitive dissonance is the term used in modern psychology to describe the state of holding two or more conflicting cognitions e. In general, social psychologists, always looking for the next great theory, seemed to have shelved this book and its concepts within a couple of decades after it came out in 1957 see leon festingers comments 30 years later in appendix b of cognitive dissonance progress on a. The theory of dissonance is here applied to the problem of why partial reward, delay of reward, and effort expenditure during training result in increased resistance to extinction. Cognitive dissonance theory of leon festinger slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 pdf. A theory of cognitive dissonance by festinger, leon, 19191989. Introduction the theory of cognitive dissonance, developed by festinger 1957 1, states that if a person holds two cognitions that are inconsistent with one another, he will experience dissonance and will try to reduce it in one of the three ways.
One key aspect of cognitive dissonance theory is that individuals experience a mental discomfort after taking actions that appear to be in con. Theory of cognitive dissonance as it pertains to morality. Cognitive dissonance theory cognitive dissonance theory was first developed by leon festinger in 1956 after the publication of a book when prophecy fails, written with coauthors henry w. Cognitive dissonance is acting different from your beliefs, leading to feelings of anxiety, guilt, or other emotions. A theory of cognitive dissonance download pdfepub ebook.
Nov 11, 2009 cognitive dissonance theory of leon festinger slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Read online cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 book pdf free download link book now. Cognitive dissonance leon festinger according to cognitive dissonance theory, there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions i. The theory of cognitive dissonance in social psychology proposes that people have a motivational drive to reduce dissonance by altering existing cognitions, adding new ones to create a consistent belief. In general, social psychologists, always looking for the next great theory, seemed to have shelved this book and its concepts within a couple of decades after it came out in 1957 see leon festingers comments 30 years later in appendix b of cognitive dissonance progress on a pivotal theory in social. Festinger 1957 cited under core books considered three ways to cope with cognitive dissonance. It is also a prime example of how creative thinking and problem solving skills can come together to produce work that changes the way people look at questions for good. This article was originally published in the encyclopedia of. Show why other ways to reduce dissonance like avoidance will not work 7. But even before festinger was the greek fabulist aesop. From the first time that festinger proposed the theory in 1957, there have been several researches which have held similar or different views in support or in criticism of festinger theory. Festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been one of the most in. Our answer builds upon a rich literature beginning withfestinger 1957 that posits that actions affect attitudes primarily through a concept that social psychologists callcognitive dissonance.
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